Expats in Portugal: A Comprehensive Guide

Portugal offers an easygoing lifestyle that draws in expats from all walks of life. Whether you're relocating for work, retiring, or simply looking for a change of pace, the country balances comfort with culture in a way that’s hard to match.

That said, it’s not without its quirks, as many expats in Portugal can attest. In this article, we’ll explore every aspect of becoming an expat in Portugal, what it’s like to live in the country, and how you can make your residency stress-free.

You’ll also find out more about:

• How to move to Portugal
• Finding a place to live
• Cost of living in Portugal
• The healthcare system in Portugal
• Working in Portugal

Living in Portugal as an Expat

Daily life in Portugal is relaxed, the weather is consistently good, and the coast is never too far away, no matter where you settle.

While the cost of living is still relatively affordable, housing prices in cities like Lisbon and Porto have gone up, especially in popular neighbourhoods.

Smaller towns and inland areas offer better value and often a more local experience, but they may require a bit more flexibility when it comes to lifestyle or access to services.

The rhythm of life here is slower, and things don’t always move quickly, especially when it comes to paperwork or public services.

Expect to bring a little extra patience when dealing with bureaucracy. On the upside, daily life is generally simple and enjoyable once you’re through the formalities.

Community is central to Portuguese life. People value time with family and neighbours, long meals, and quiet moments. Building relationships takes time, particularly in smaller towns, but locals are friendly and welcoming.

Learning some Portuguese, even just the basics, makes a big difference, not just in practical terms, but in showing respect for the culture you're stepping into.

How to Move to Portugal

Moving to Portugal starts with choosing the right visa or residence permit, depending on why you’re relocating and how long you plan to stay. Citizens of countries like the U.S. can stay in Portugal for up to 90 days without a visa, but anything longer requires proper residency paperwork.

British expats no longer have automatic EU rights, but there are still accessible options, like the D7 Visa, Portugal Digital Nomad Visa, or temporary stay visas, depending on income, work, or lifestyle needs.

Before applying for residency, you’ll need to get a few essentials in order:

• Your NIF (Portuguese tax identification number)
• A Portuguese bank account
• Proof of accommodation in Portugal

Once those are set, you can begin the visa application process, either through your local Portuguese consulate or, in some cases, after arrival. The exact route depends on the visa type, but most require some financial proof, health insurance, and a clean criminal record.

We can help you in getting a NIF number in Portugal, which will make your visa application process a lot easier.

Finding a Place to Live in Portugal

Portugal offers a wide variety of places to live, from busy cities to quiet countryside villages. Where you choose will depend on your lifestyle, budget, and whether you’re planning to rent or buy.

The good news is that there’s something for everyone, whether you're looking for modern city living, beachside relaxation, or rural peace and quiet.

Popular regions for expats

While there are plenty of excellent places in Portugal to live, there are a few that stand out:

Lisbon: Portugal’s capital is generally more affordable than other major European capitals, though prices, especially in the real estate market, are rising. Dining out and entertainment remain reasonably priced, and public transportation is widely accessible and safe.

Porto: Like many American expats in Portugal, the city is excellent for those looking for a vibrant yet relaxed lifestyle. It offers a mix of historical charm and modern amenities, with a strong local culture and a growing international community. The city has several expat groups, networking events, and English-speaking services that help newcomers settle in.

Cascais: Cascais is one of the most popular places for expats in Portugal. Located just 30 minutes from Lisbon, it offers a perfect balance of city convenience and coastal charm. With some of the best international schools in Cascais, a strong expat community, and excellent infrastructure, Cascais is particularly attractive to families and professionals.

Faro: Faro is the gateway to the Algarve and a fantastic city for expats looking for a warm climate, coastal living, and a relaxed lifestyle. It has a growing international community, with many English-speaking residents and services catering to foreigners.

Coimbra: If you prefer a quieter, more traditional lifestyle and lower costs, inland towns like Coimbra are always a good choice. Coimbra regularly tops any ‘Portugal Best Cities‘ list, as it’s ideal for expats seeking a smaller, more affordable city with a vibrant academic atmosphere. Home to one of Europe’s oldest universities, Coimbra boasts a rich intellectual and cultural life that attracts students, researchers, and professionals worldwide.

Types of housing available

Housing in Portugal ranges from city apartments to village cottages, modern condos, and countryside villas.

In urban areas, apartments are the norm, often located in older buildings with character but occasionally less insulation. In more suburban or rural settings, standalone houses with gardens are more common.

Furnished rentals are widely available, particularly in tourist-heavy areas, though unfurnished homes are more typical for long-term leases.

Should you rent or buy property?

Renting an apartment is a popular choice for new arrivals, especially during the first year. It gives you time to understand the local market, adjust to the lifestyle, and decide where you want to settle. Rental contracts usually run for one year with a one- or two-month deposit.

That said, buying property in Portugal is also straightforward. There are no restrictions on foreign buyers, and the process is relatively transparent.

Property prices are still competitive by European standards, though they’ve risen sharply in Lisbon, Porto, and parts of the Algarve in recent years. Many expats eventually buy once they’ve found the right area and are confident in their long-term plans.

Cost of Living in Portugal

The cost of living in Portugal is what attracts many expats, especially when compared to other Western European countries. Although prices have increased, daily expenses like food, transport, and services remain budget-friendly.

Groceries and dining out are typically inexpensive, with a casual lunch costing under €10. Utilities and transport costs are manageable, and public transport is reliable and affordable.

Additionally, Portugal offers low-cost public healthcare, with private options also being budget-friendly.

Healthcare System in Portugal

Portugal’s well-regarded public healthcare system is called the Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS). Expats living in the country long-term are eligible to use this public system, though many choose a mix of both public and private care for flexibility and convenience.

Public healthcare in Portugal is funded through taxation and offers universal coverage to residents. Basic services, including general practitioner visits, hospital care, and emergency treatment, are available at little to no cost, though small co-payments are common for non-urgent care.

The standard of care is generally high, especially in urban areas, and medical staff are well-trained. Wait times, however, can vary depending on the region and the type of treatment needed.

Private healthcare, on the other hand, offers faster access to specialists, shorter wait times, and more flexibility when it comes to choosing doctors or facilities. Many expats use private clinics for day-to-day needs while keeping the public system as a backup for more serious issues.

Expats from the EU with a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) can access public healthcare during short stays. For longer stays, you’ll need to register with the SNS as a resident.

Non-EU expats typically take out private health insurance, especially during the visa application process. Some expats also choose to maintain international health coverage for additional peace of mind, especially if they travel often or want access to private hospitals.

Education System in Portugal

For families moving to Portugal, understanding the education system is essential. Schooling is divided into public, private, and international options.

Public schools are free and available to all residents, including expat children, following the national curriculum in Portuguese. While younger kids adapt quickly, older children may find it challenging without prior language skills.

Private schools offer smaller class sizes and may provide bilingual instruction, with tuition generally more affordable than in other Western European countries. These schools follow the Portuguese curriculum but may offer additional language support.

International schools are popular among expats, especially in Lisbon, Cascais, Porto, and the Algarve. They typically offer British, American, or International Baccalaureate (IB) programs in English, providing continuity for families from abroad. However, fees can be high, and places are limited, so early application is advised.

Universities in Portugal are increasingly attracting international students as they are affordable by European standards, and many now offer courses in English, especially at the master's level.

Working in Portugal

If you want to work in Portugal as an expat, you must meet specific requirements and eligibility criteria. These depend on various factors, such as your nationality, the type of work you intend to do, and the duration of your stay.

If you are a citizen of an EU/EEA country or Switzerland, you do not need a work visa to work in Portugal. You have the right to live and work in Portugal without any special permits.

However, if you plan to stay longer than three months, you must register with the local city hall (Câmara Municipal) and obtain a residence certificate (Certificado de Registo de Cidadão da União Europeia).

If you are a non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizen, you will need a Portugal Work Visa. To apply for one, you typically need a job offer from a Portuguese employer or apply for a visa that allows you to work in the country.

Work Visas for Portugal

D1 Work Visa: The D1 visa in Portugal covers a wide range of activities. Also known as the Work Visa is a long-term Type D visa that permits non-EU/EEA citizens to live and work in Portugal. It is specifically intended for individuals who have secured a job offer from a Portuguese employer.

D3 HQA Visa: The D3 Visa, also known as the Highly Qualified Activities Individuals Visa, is a long-term residence visa that aims to attract highly skilled non-EU/EEA nationals to live and work in Portugal. This visa is specifically designed for individuals who possess specialized skills, advanced degrees, or substantial professional experience and who have secured employment or a job offer in a highly qualified position, such as in scientific research, technical professions, or managerial roles.

D8 Digital Nomad Visa: The Portugal Digital Nomad Visa allows remote workers to live and work in the country. In 2025, you will be required to earn four times the national minimum wage in Portugal, which totals around €3,480 per month. You can either apply for a temporary stay visa for up to one year or a residency permit, which you can renew for up to five years.

Job Seeker Visa: As the name implies, this visa is intended for people who want to enter and remain in Portugal to look for a job. It authorizes them to carry out a subordinated work activity until the visa expires or until the residence permit is granted. Applicants must secure a job or apply for a residence permit within 120 days, or leave Portugal.

Integrating into Portuguese Society

Integrating into life in Portugal takes time, but it’s very possible with a little effort. Portuguese people are friendly and welcoming, though they tend to be polite and reserved until they get to know you.

Joining local activities, shopping at small markets, and spending time at neighbourhood cafés helps you become part of the daily rhythm. Being visible and approachable in your community, rather than staying within expat circles, goes a long way.

Learning the language

Speaking Portuguese, even a little, makes a huge difference in daily life. In bigger cities and tourist areas, many locals speak English, but outside those spots, Portuguese is essential.

Learning the basics shows respect and makes everyday tasks like shopping or booking appointments much smoother. Plenty of language schools, online courses, and conversation groups are aimed at expats.

While fluency isn’t necessary, learning key phrases and improving gradually helps build confidence and makes integration easier over time.

Understanding Portuguese culture and etiquette

Portuguese culture values politeness, respect, and consideration. Greetings are important, as even casual encounters often start with a friendly “bom dia” or “boa tarde.”

Personal space is respected, but social gatherings tend to be warm and informal once trust is built, and while dining and social etiquette are relaxed, punctuality is appreciated.

Activities and leisure in Portugal

Portugal’s tourism industry makes it easy to stay busy, whether you’re into outdoor adventures, cultural experiences, or relaxed afternoons at a local café.

Thanks to its mild climate and varied landscape, there’s something to suit every pace and lifestyle, whether you are just visiting or a seasoned expat.

The country’s coastline stretches for more than 800 km, so beach lovers have endless options. The Algarve is famous for golden sands and clear water, while the Silver Coast and Alentejo offer quieter, more rugged beaches. Closer to Lisbon, Cascais and Costa da Caparica are popular for day trips.

Portugal’s cities and towns are filled with history, with too many to mention. However, a few can be singled out.

Here are five must-see attractions in Portugal that first-time expats should experience early on:

1. Jerónimos Monastery (Lisbon): A UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Portugal’s most iconic buildings, this monastery is a masterpiece of Manueline architecture. It’s a great introduction to Portugal’s Age of Discovery and national pride.

2. Ribeira District (Porto): Colorful buildings, tiled façades, and views over the Douro River, this old neighborhood in Porto is full of life and local flavor. Take a walk along the riverbank, have a drink, and watch the city go by.

3. Cabo da Roca (Sintra region): The westernmost point of mainland Europe is windy, dramatic, and unforgettable. Standing on the cliff edge with the Atlantic stretching out in front of you is a uniquely Portuguese experience.

4. Alfama District (Lisbon): Wandering through Alfama’s narrow alleys, hearing fado music spill from tiny restaurants, and catching a tram up the hill is a must. It’s one of Lisbon’s oldest neighborhoods and still feels lived-in.

5. Benagil Cave (Algarve): Only accessible by boat, kayak, or paddleboard, this sea cave is one of Portugal’s most photographed spots for a reason. It’s natural beauty at its best.

Challenges Faced by Expats

While Portugal has become a popular destination for expats, moving here comes with its share of adjustments. One of the most common challenges is dealing with bureaucracy.

Processes such as applying for residency, exchanging driving licences, or registering for healthcare can be slow and confusing. Paperwork often requires in-person visits and official documents may only be available in Portuguese, making things more complicated for new arrivals.

Communication barriers

Language is another hurdle, especially outside major cities. While English is widely spoken in Lisbon, Porto, and the Algarve, smaller towns and government offices may operate mostly in Portuguese.

Expats who don’t try to learn the language often find day-to-day tasks, such as dealing with utility companies or visiting a doctor, more frustrating than expected. It is always a good idea to learn basic Portuguese. Locals will be more willing to help and switch to English if you just attempt to converse in Portuguese.

Change of pace

Adapting to local rhythms can also be a surprise, especially if you are coming from the US or the UK. Portugal has a slower pace of life, including customer service, appointment times, and work processes.

While many expats eventually appreciate this relaxed approach, it can be difficult at first, especially when handling time-sensitive matters.

Portugal is friendly and welcoming, but building deeper relationships with locals doesn’t always happen quickly.

Many expats find themselves mostly socialising with other foreigners at first, especially in heavily expat-populated areas like the Algarve or Lisbon’s international districts.

Frequently Asked Questions About Expats in Portugal

Is Portugal a good place to live for expats?

Yes, Portugal consistently ranks as one of the top destinations for expats. The cost of living is reasonable, the climate is mild, and the lifestyle is relaxed. Whether you're retiring, working remotely, or moving with a family, Portugal offers a good quality of life and a strong sense of safety.

Do I need to speak Portuguese to live in Portugal?

Not necessarily, but it helps. In larger cities and tourist areas, English is widely spoken. That said, learning some Portuguese—even just basic conversation—makes everyday life easier and shows respect for local culture. It's especially useful in smaller towns, government offices, and healthcare settings.

What’s the healthcare system like for expats?

Expats have access to both public and private healthcare. The public system is low-cost and generally good, especially for residents. Many expats also choose private health insurance for faster access and more flexibility. Healthcare professionals in urban areas often speak English.

Is it better to rent or buy property in Portugal?

Many expats start by renting, especially during their first year. It gives you time to get familiar with different areas and avoid rushing into a purchase. Buying property is open to foreigners and relatively straightforward once you're settled, especially if you're staying long-term.

Where do most expats live in Portugal?

Lisbon, Porto, and the Algarve are the most popular regions. Lisbon offers city life and international communities, while Porto is more laid-back and creative. The Algarve is especially popular with retirees for its warm weather and slower pace. Smaller towns like Cascais, Coimbra, and Évora are also growing in popularity.