Portugal's "Número de Identificação Fiscal," more commonly known as its NIF abbreviation, is one of the most important documents you'll need if you want to live and work in Portugal. While some also call it "Número do Contribuinte" (you'll hear that more often when shopping), it is your tax identification number.
It is used for everything from paying rent, buying a car, or filing taxes. In this article, we'll take a closer look at how an NIF helps you conduct everyday business in Portugal, how you can easily apply for a NIF online, and the documents you'll need to get one.
You'll also learn more about:
- What is a NIF?
- Who needs a NIF number in Portugal?
- How to Get a NIF Number in Portugal
- NIF and the Portugal Golden Visa process
What is a NIF?
A NIF is a unique nine-digit number issued by the Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira (Tax and Customs Authority) that functions as your tax identification number, similar to a Social Security Number in the US.
You need it to perform any economic activity in Portugal, such as signing contracts, claiming a Portugal VAT refund, renting an apartment, or signing up for services.
While the NIF itself is technically free, procedural fees can cost money. If you want to get your NIF online using a tax representative, online businesses can charge for this process. If you would like a Portuguese tax card, Finanças charges €6.80 for this service.
Both Portuguese residents and non-residents must have a NIF as you need it to obtain a residency permit or carry out any financial transactions in Portugal, such as signing a lease or setting up WiFi.
If you're thinking about relocating to Portugal, conducting any business here, or simply staying in the country for an extended period, getting your NIF should be a top priority.
Who needs a NIF number in Portugal?
You must have a NIF number if you legally reside in Portugal, including citizens, foreign residents, and foreign non-residents.
This is especially important if you engage in fiscal activities like opening a bank account, paying taxes, or buying property in Portugal. For example, you'll need a tax identification number to do any of the following:
- Receiving Portuguese assets as inheritance
- Taking out loans
- Studying at a local university
- Generating income via a business or job
- Signing a contract for a mobile phone
- Installing utilities or telecommunications
- Becoming a Portuguese tax resident
As a foreigner living or working in Portugal, obtaining an NIF is crucial to also access public services such as healthcare, education, or social security benefits. It is also required to pay taxes on income earned in Portugal and to apply for Portuguese residency or citizenship.
How to Apply for a NIF
If you're already in Portugal or a resident, you can apply for your NIF by visiting your local tax office. You must bring your passport/ID card and proof of address with you.
Step 1: Gather your documents
You should only apply with a Portuguese address if you intend to be considered a local tax resident. This needs to be represented in your other documents as well, such as your bank statement.
Suppose you are applying through an attorney or fiscal representative. In that case, you must also submit a power of attorney, proving they have the authority to act on your behalf.
If these documents are in a language other than Portuguese, English, French, or Spanish, they must be translated into Portuguese. Applicants who require a tax representative for the application will also need a letter of appointment, which we can draft for you.
Do you need a tax representative to get a NIF?
Yes. Every non-resident outside the EU must appoint a tax representative registered with the finance department to get an NIF. A tax representative or a specialized law firm is an individual or business that serves as a point of contact between a non-resident individual or business and Finanças.
The representative can be any Portuguese local resident, as long as they have a Portuguese address they can submit on your NIF registration application. However, we would recommend against registering your NIF through a friend. Local residents might not know the nuances of Portuguese tax law, and it could be too much responsibility.
Step 2: Apply in person or online
When visiting the Serviço de Finanças (you can easily find them on Google Maps), they can either give you an appointment on the spot or might book you in for an appointment down the line, depending on their availability.
Make sure you check the opening and closing hours of your local branch. There are usually very long lines, and we'd recommend arriving early in the morning, around 20 minutes before the opening time, to avoid queuing and to guarantee an appointment.
If you'd rather apply online for your individual tax identification number and save yourself the in-person hassle, we can help you with that. Simply arrange your documents, fill out our online Portuguese NIF application form, and pay.
We will then request the Portuguese tax authority on your behalf, and you should receive your NIF within two to three weeks. We can also answer any questions you might have during the process and translate any queries by Finanças.
Step 3: Receive your NIF number
The Portuguese tax authority will provide a document stating your NIF number within 10 business days. This number does not expire; it's your permanent Portuguese tax number.
Required Documents for a NIF
You can get your NIF in three ways, and you'll need the following documents to complete the process:
- Photo ID: If you're a European Union/European Economic Area/Swiss citizen applying for a NIF, you need a scanned and signed copy of your photo ID. Any non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens must present a passport, residence permit, or citizen card if you have Portuguese citizenship. A birth certificate may be required if you cannot submit a passport or other valid photo ID to the tax office.
- Proof of residency: When applying for a NIF, people who reside in Portugal are required to give their residential address. They can show proof of residency through a lease, a utility bill, or a CRUE (Certificate of Residence). Non-resident EU/EEA/Swiss citizens can provide proof of address from within the EU, or if they're already living in Portugal they can provide a Portuguese address.
- Appointment of power of attorney: If you're applying for a NIF from outside the EU/EEA/Switzerland, you must send a power of attorney that has been translated into Portuguese. The power of attorney should state that your lawyer/representative can act on your behalf. Once you have your power of attorney, you can establish proof of residency in your country of origin by submitting a recent bank statement.
European Union (EU) citizens have slightly different rules compared to non-European Union/Schengen Area citizens. For instance, EU citizens do not require a fiscal representative in Portugal to support their application and can apply independently. Additionally, there are some procedural differences between non-residents and residents in Portugal.
NIF and the Portugal Golden Visa Process
If you have applied for the Portugal Golden Visa, obtaining a Portuguese NIF is an essential step in the process - and if you want to open a bank account.
One of the main requirements for the Portugal Golden Visa is to maintain a qualifying investment and comply with tax obligations in the country.
Since any financial transaction—including buying property, making an investment, or even paying utility bills—requires a tax identification number, obtaining a NIF through the tax office is one of the first steps toward fulfilling these obligations.
Additionally, Golden Visa holders are expected to submit annual tax returns in Portugal, even if their primary residence is outside the country. While Golden Visa holders are not automatically considered tax residents, they may become tax residents if they stay in Portugal for more than 183 days a year. In such cases, they may be liable for worldwide income tax in Portugal.
The NIF is essential for declaring and paying any taxes owed, including those on rental income if the investment property is leased out. Fortunately, you can apply for an NIF number simultaneously with applying for the Golden Visa.
Frequently asked questions
What is a NIF number?
The NIF is the número de identificação fiscal, your tax identification number. It’s also known as your contribution number (Numero de Contribuinte). It’s a unique nine-digit code that allows you to engage in any type of commercial or financial activity in Portugal.
Can I get a Portuguese NIF online?
Yes, you can. While you can’t personally request an NIF online, you can submit an online application through us, and we can apply for your NIF online as your tax representative.
Why do you need a NIF in Portugal?
The NIF is required in Portugal for any type of financial activity, from working a job to purchasing property in the country.
Can I cancel my NIF in Portugal?
You can’t cancel your NIF in Portugal once it has been assigned to you by the Portuguese tax office. We advise that you only apply for a NIF if you need one.
What is the benefit of a NIF number in Portugal?
In Portugal, every person or organization has their own NIF number (número de identificação fiscal or tax identification number), which is provided by the Finance and Taxation department (Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira, also known as Finanças).
This number is necessary for various transactions, such as purchasing property, opening a bank account, obtaining a loan, signing an employment contract, and managing tax and social security activities. It also indicates the individual’s residency status.
Do I need a NIF to rent in Portugal?
Yes, in most cases, you will need a NIF number to rent a property in Portugal. This is because landlords often require a NIF number for the lease agreement and to register the rental contract with the tax authorities.
Additionally, a NIF number is needed to open a bank account in Portugal, which is usually required for paying rent and utilities. It is important to note that there may be some exceptions depending on the landlord and the rental agreement, but having a NIF number will generally make the rental process smoother and easier.
Do you need a NIF to buy a car in Portugal?
When buying a car in Portugal, you’re usually asked for your photo ID, proof of residence in Portugal, and your NIF.
Who issues NIFs in Portugal?
The Portuguese tax authority (AT, or Finanças) issue your NIF number. Getting your NIF number is free. However, if you want to get a Portuguese tax card, you’ll be charged €6.80.
How do I change my address with NIF Portugal?
There are two ways to change your address with Finanças in Portugal. The first is to visit a Finanças office in person and provide proof of your new Portuguese address, such as a utility bill, rental contract, or property deed. The address can be updated on the spot.
The second option is to use the Finanças online portal to make the change.
How can I get a free NIF in Portugal?
To obtain a free NIF in Portugal, you can apply in person at a Citizen’s Shop or at a Finanças office.
Can a non-resident get a NIF in Portugal?
Yes, non-residents can get a NIF in Portugal. If you have a tax representative in Portugal, they can apply for a NIF on your behalf. Alternatively, you can apply for a NIF personally when visiting Portugal.
What required documents are needed for a NIF in Portugal?
To apply for a NIF in Portugal, you typically need to provide identification documents such as a passport or national ID card. Proof of address and any relevant supporting documents are also required based on your specific situation (e.g., employment contract, rental agreement).
How much does it cost to get a NIF in Portugal?
Obtaining a NIF in Portugal is generally free of charge. However, there may be associated costs for specific services or processes related to your circumstances, such as legal or administrative fees.
Do I need a NIF to buy a house in Portugal?
Yes, having a NIF is usually necessary when buying a property in Portugal. It is advisable to obtain a NIF before engaging in any real estate transactions to ensure a smooth process.
How is a NIF number different from a Portuguese Tax Card?
The Portuguese tax office can issue you a tax card when they issue you your NIF. The Portuguese tax card is a credit card-sized document that includes your unique NIF number, the date of issue, and the name of the issuing regional tax authority. A tax card in Portugal costs €6.80.
